INTRODUCTION

Celume et al (2026) point to the questions being addressed as:  “(a) What specific issues does the 2022 reform tackle that were absent or insufficiently regulated under the original CA81 (i.e,, 1981 Water Code)? (b) How does the new legal framework rebalance water allocation by strengthening water security, environmental protection, and equitable access, while redefining the role of markets and private rights in Chile’s water governance? Furthermore, (c) What challenges persist for water allocation governance and management? Ultimately, we aim to assess the depth and significance of these legal changes: Do they constitute a fundamental transformation, or are they best understood as an incremental modification of CA81? (p. 395).” 

Using the DIT lens, the questions are about the extent to which Chileans can now get closer to operating on a better path 0Z, leaving behind the path 0G trajectory framed by the 1981 Chilean Water Code.